再发软件无线电文章

开水

1 What Software Defined Radio Is and
Why We Should Use It 1
1.1 Introduction to Software Defined Radio 1
1.2 3G Software Radio Applications 2
1.3 A Traditional Hardware Radio Architecture 3
1.4 An Ideal Software Defined Radio Architecture 4
1.5 Signal Processing Hardware History 5
1.6 Software Defined Radio Project Complexity 7
1.7 The Software Defined Radio Forum 7
1.8 Conclusion 8
References 9
2 A Basic Software Defined Radio Architecture 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 2G Radio Architectures 12
2.2.1 Hybrid Radio Architecture 13
2.3 Basic Software Defined Radio Block Diagram 17
2.4 System-Level Functional Partitioning 21
2.4.1 Digital Frequency Conversion Partitioning 21
2.5 A COTS Implementation of the
Basic Architecture 25
2.6 Conclusion 29
References 29
3 RF System Design 31
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Worldwide Frequency Band Plans 32
3.3 Noise and Channel Capacity 32
3.4 Link Budget 33
3.4.1 Free Space Loss 34
3.4.2 Practical Loss Models 35
3.4.3 IMT 2000 Path Loss Models 35
3.4.4 Detailed System Link Budget 38
3.5 3G RF Performance Requirements 40
3.5.1 Receiver Requirements 40
3.5.2 3G Transmitter Requirements 42
3.6 Multicarrier Power Amplifiers 43
3.6.1 Power Amplifier Linearizers 43
3.6.2 Power Consumption Efficiency 47
3.7 Signal Processing Capacity Tradeoff 48
3.8 Design Flow 48
3.9 Conclusion 49
References 50
4 Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog
Conversion 51
4.1 Introduction 51
Contents ix
4.2 Digital Conversion Fundamentals 52
4.2.1 Sample Rate 52
4.2.2 Bandpass Sampling 52
4.2.3 Oversampling 54
4.2.4 Antialias Filtering 54
4.2.5 Effective Number of Bits 54
4.2.6 Quantization 55
4.2.7 Static and Dynamic Errors 56
4.3 ADC Techniques 58
4.3.1 Successive Approximation 58
4.3.2 14-Bit Software Radio ADC 59
4.3.3 Dithering 60
4.3.4 Clock Jitter and Aperture Uncertainty 63
4.3.5 Figure of Merit 65
4.4 DACs 66
4.5 Converter Noise and Dynamic Range Budgets 67
4.5.1 DAC Noise Budget 67
4.5.2 ADC Noise Budget 69
4.6 Conclusion 70
References 70
5 Digital Frequency Up- and Downconverters 73
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 Why Use DUCs and DDCs? 74
5.3 Frequency Converter Fundamentals 74
5.3.1 Digital NCO 75
5.3.2 Digital Mixers 76
5.3.3 Digital Filters 76
5.3.4 Halfband Filters 79
5.3.5 Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) Filters 80
5.3.6 Decimation, Interpolation, and
Multirate Processing 81

开水

5.4 DUCs 82
5.4.1 ISL5217 82
5.5 DDCs 91
5.5.1 ISL5216 91
5.5.2 ISL5416 93
5.5.3 Cascading Digital Converters and Digital
Frequency Converters 95
5.6 Conclusion 95
References 96
6 Signal Processing Hardware Components 97
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 SDR Requirements for Processing Power 98
6.3 DSPs 101
6.3.1 DSP Devices 102
6.3.2 DSP Performance Summary 110
6.3.3 DSP Compilers 111
6.4 Reconfigurable Processors 113
6.4.1 Chameleon Reconfigurable Communications
Processor (RCP) 113
6.4.2 Adaptive Computing Machine 119
6.5 FPGAs 120
6.6 Symbol Rate and Chip-Rate Partitioning 122
6.7 Conclusion 122
References 123
7 Software Architecture and Components 125
7.1 Introduction 125
7.2 Major Software Architectural Choices 126
7.2.1 Hardware-Specific Software Architecture 126
TEAMFLY
Team-Fly®
Contents xi
7.2.2 Abstracted Open Software Architecture 127
7.3 Software Standards for Software Radio 129
7.3.1 JTRS Software Communications
Architecture Specification 130
7.3.2 SDRF Distributed Object Computing
Software Radio Architecture 144
7.3.3 The OMG 147
7.3.4 Software Design Patterns 153
7.4 Component Choices 153
7.4.1 Real-Time Operating Systems 153
7.4.2 High-Level Software Languages 156
7.4.3 Hardware Languages 158
7.5 Conclusion 160
References 160
8 Applications for Wireless Systems 163
8.1 Introduction 163
8.2 3G Air Interface Fundamentals 164
8.2.1 CDMA Fundamentals 164
8.2.2 WCDMA 170
8.2.3 CDMA2000 178
8.2.4 GSM Evolution 188
8.3 Software Defined Radio Examples 191
8.3.1 Frameworks and Platforms 191
8.3.2 Base Transceiver Stations 208
8.3.3 3G SDR Testbeds 210
8.4 3G Networks 214
8.4.1 CDMA2000 214
8.4.2 Other 3G Networks 218
8.5 Conclusion 219
References 219

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9 Smart Antennas Using Software Radio 221
9.1 Introduction 221
9.2 What Is a Smart Antenna? 221
9.3 3G Smart Antenna Requirements 223
9.4 Phased Antenna Array Theory 223
9.5 Applying Software Radio Principles to
Antenna Systems 224
9.6 Smart Antenna Architectures 225
9.6.1 Switched Beam Arrays 226
9.6.2 Optimum Combining/Adaptive Arrays 228
9.6.3 DOA Arrays 229
9.6.4 Beam Forming for CDMA 230
9.6.5 Downlink Beam Forming 232
9.6.6 A Software Radio Smart Antenna Architecture 235
9.7 Smart Antenna Performance 235
9.8 Conclusion 237
References 237
10 Low-Cost Experimental Software
Radio Platform 239
10.1 Introduction 239
10.2 Platform Requirements 239
10.3 System Architecture 239
10.4 System Interfaces 242
10.4.1 Analog RF Interface 242
10.4.2 TMS320C62x EVM Daughterboard Interface 242
10.4.3 PCI Interface 242
10.4.4 Line-Level Audio Output Interface 242
10.5 System Design 243
10.5.1 DSP Clock Frequency 243
Contents xiii
10.5.2 ADC Clock Source 243
10.5.3 Matching Sampling Rates 244
10.6 Functional Design 245
10.7 Low-Level Implementation Details 248
10.7.1 THS12082 Hardware 248
10.7.2 THS12082 Software 249
10.7.3 DSP BIOS Configuration 249
10.8 Potential Applications and Conclusion 250
References 250
11 Engineering Design Assistance Tools 253
11.1 Introduction 253
11.2 How EDA Tools Can Help Software
Radio Development 253
11.3 MATLAB 255
11.3.1 C6701 Developers Kit 255
11.4 Cocentric System Studio 256
11.5 SPW 256
11.6 SystemC 256
11.7 Reference Design Examples 257
11.7.1 CDMA Reference Block Set 257
11.7.2 NIST 257
11.8 Conclusion 259
References 259

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Artech.House-Software.Defined.Radio.for.3G
Chapter Summary
Chapter 1: What Software Defined Radio Is and Why We Should Use ItThis chapter is an introduction to the concepts of software defined radio,
signal processing, and 3G. The differences between a hardware and a software
radio are explained and some history about digital signal processing and
the SDRF is provided.
Chapter 2: A Basic Software Defined Radio Architecture
Chapter 2 is an introduction to software defined radio architectures and the
presentation of a reference SDR block diagram. This chapter introduces the
issue of system-level partitioning and estimates the signal processing load
required for the digital frequency conversion function. Baseband signal processing
is introduced and the chapter concludes with an example COTS
hardware architecture.
Chapter 3: RF System Design
Cellular mobile performance standards place rigorous requirements on radio
receivers and transmitters. Multiple air interface systems face conflicting
requirements when attempting to cover both TDMA and CDMA air interfaces.
This chapter explores the basics of communications theory and provides
the equations for the IMT 2000 path loss models. The reader is
provided with a complete link budget, which can be used when designing
the analog RF components of a 3G software radio—for example, power
amplifiers, mixers, low noise amplifiers, and so on. A major section is
devoted to detailing 3G performance requirements for such parameters as
dynamic range, blocking, and intermodulation. Important software radio RF
components such as multicarrier power amplifiers are introduced and techniques
for linearization are detailed. The chapter concludes with a proposed
software radio design flow with special emphasis on the RF stages.
Chapter 4: Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion
Arguably the most critical function in a wideband software radio, we investigate
the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and digital-to-analog conversion
(DAC) performance requirements needed for 3G cellular systems. The
Preface xvii
chapter discusses the fundamentals of transforming between the analog and
digital domains, including Nyquist’s theorem, bandpass sampling, aliasing,
and quantization. Performance parameters such as SFDR, dynamic range,
and jitter are introduced. The architecture of a state-of-the-art A/D converter
is provided, and techniques for achieving wideband SFDRs approaching
100 dB are detailed. A figure of merit (FOM) for software radio
applications is provided as an initial guide when selecting a converter from
the large range of commercially available options. The chapter concludes
with an analysis of the allowable noise contributions from ADCs and DACs
and discusses the tough GSM blocking specification.
Chapter 5: Digital Frequency Up- and Downconverters
For wireless systems operating above the 20–100-MHz range, digital frequency
up and downconverters are currently the most efficient bridge
between digital intermediate frequencies and baseband processors. This
chapter introduces the concepts of frequency conversion, decimation, interpolation,
multirate processing, NCOs, halfband filters, and CIC filters and
provides the equations for IIR and FIR filters. A detailed overview of several
commercially available digital frequency converters is provided along with a
description of the components’ functionality. Figures illustrating the 3G performance
for these converters are also included.
Chapter 6: Signal Processing Hardware Components
An important goal for 3G software radio is to perform all symbol and chiprate
processing in software. This chapter commences with an analysis of the
required signal processing power for UMTS and introduces the major
CDMA layer one processing functions—for example, path searching and
rake receivers. Architecture details of candidate hardware devices such as
DSPs, FPGAs, RCPs, and ACMs are provided, together with an estimate for
the number of users that devices can support. The chapter concludes with
symbol and chip-rate partitioning.
Chapter 7: Software Architecture and Components
Reconfiguring the radio with software is the most important requirement,
and this chapter starts by discussing the ideas of hardware abstraction and
then proceeds with details of the software architectural proposals produced
xviii Software Defined Radio for 3G
by the JTRS JPO and the SDRF. These specifications use object-oriented
design principles; the chapter includes many UML figures to explain the
designs.
Software communications protocols and operating systems such as
CORBA and RT LINUX are discussed, and the chapter concludes with an
overview of the languages used to program the hardware: C, C++, VHDL,
and Verilog.
Chapter 8: Applications for Wireless Systems
To design an efficient and cost-effective 3G software radio it is necessary to
have a depth of understanding that extends from the wireless network components
(e.g., MSC, BSC, BTS, and terminal) down to the radio’s air interface.
This chapter commences by explaining the fundamental concepts
behind CDMA transmission and reception and covers the rake receiver in
more detail, as well as introducing the concepts of handover and power control.
Special attention is given to the WCDMA/UMTS, CDMA2000, and
GSM air interfaces, with explanations of techniques used in each for multiple
access, modulation, and spreading. A major part of the chapter is devoted
to several example software radio implementations, with details of the software
and hardware architectures. The chapter concludes with details of an
example 3G network in Korea, including statistics about the number of base
stations, network coverage, and so on.
Chapter 9: Smart Antennas Using Software Radio
Software defined radio is an enabling technology, and smart antennas are one
of the ideal applications. Architectures for implementing smart antennas on
a software radio platform are introduced. There are many classes of candidate
algorithms (e.g., statistically optimum, blind adaptive, and so on) available
to perform the necessary processing, and the chapter summarizes these.
Smart antenna processing is a viable approach for increasing user capacity
but must be traded off for increased signal processing power; the chapter
analyzes the WCDMA/UMTS case and estimates the processing load. The
chapter concludes with a block diagram of a flexible hardware architecture
suitable for implementing smart antenna software.
Preface xix
Chapter 10: Low-Cost Experimental Software Radio Platform
This chapter puts the theory of previous chapters into practice and provides
the outline of a design for an experimental, low-cost software radio platform
that can be purchased off-the-shelf. The platform has the capability to teach
the fundamentals of software radio and is ideal for university labs and smallscale
development. Software can be developed in C and makes use of a DSP
operating system if required. The importance of memory management and
FIFO buffers is stressed; sampling rate issues are covered, as well as many of
the implementation-level details, including register settings.
Chapter 11: Engineering Design Assistance Tools
The complexity of current digital radio air interfaces almost mandates the use
of engineering design assistance (EDA) tools during the development of new
products; this applies equally well to software and hardware implementations.
This chapter explores the benefits of EDA tools and reviews several popular
tools well suited to software radio and 3G cellular systems development.
I hope you find this book helpful and that after reading the work you
will be enthused enough to contribute to the advancement of this fantastic
technology. Please feel free to contact me at http://www.simplexity.com.au.

简介:
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hahavchen

好贵啊 不知道好不好

zxfeng

看目录还很详细的

nx500

<P>我刚才看了一下，很不错啊，值得看</P><P>而且，特别提示，够买有诀窍啊，哈哈哈，楼主不要骂我，你的RD币也可以支撑好久了，以后多来发贴，我奖励你</P>

chenjianeng

特别提示，够买就是有诀窍啊，哈哈哈，早就发现过类似。

microwave9

怎这么贵啊楼主

KarLoo

<DIV class=quote><B>以下是引用<I>nx500</I>在2005-12-17 5:39:00的发言：</B>
<P>我刚才看了一下，很不错啊，值得看</P>
<P>而且，特别提示，够买有诀窍啊，哈哈哈，楼主不要骂我，你的RD币也可以支撑好久了，以后多来发贴，我奖励你</P></DIV>


收下了啊！  嘿嘿     谁叫一钱难求呢？ ^_^

tuoluo1980

以下是引用nx500在2005-12-17 5:39:00的发言：
<P>我刚才看了一下，很不错啊，值得看</P><P>而且，特别提示，够买有诀窍啊，哈哈哈，楼主不要骂我，你的RD币也可以支撑好久了，以后多来发贴，我奖励你</P>

RD币也可以支撑好久

xixihahayqw

非常感谢!!!非常感谢楼主!!!, 非常感谢!!!非常感谢楼主!!!

hanny

太贵了, 和版规不符, 改了下, 希望作者理解. 谢谢.