WLANs and WPANs towards 4G Wireless

emc777

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1 Introduction 1
1.1 Global Information Multimedia Communication Village 1
1.2 Revenue and Traffic Expectations 15
1.3 Preview of the Book 19
References 20
2 3G and Its Interworking with WLAN 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Evolution from 2G to 3G 26
2.3 3G and Its Releases 28
2.3.1 Release 3 (R3) 31
2.3.2 Release 4 (R4) 33
2.3.3 Release 5 (R5) 35
2.4 3G Deployment Scenario 36
2.5 Impact on the Existing Network 38
2.6 Interworking System Architectures 42
2.7 Interconnection Between 3G-SGSN and WLAN
Access Point by Emulating RNC 45
2.7.1 Pros and Cons of Emulating RNC 48
2.8 Interconnection Between GGSN and WLAN Access
Point by Emulating 3G-SGSN 49
2.8.1 Pros and Cons of Emulating 3G-SGSN 49
2.9 Interconnection Between UMTS and WLAN Through
Virtual Access Point (VAP) 50
2.9.1 Pros and Cons of VAP-Based Interconnection 52
2.10 Interconnection Between UMTS and WLAN Through
Mobility Gateway 53
2.10.1 Pros and Cons of Interconnection Between UMTS
and WLAN Through MG 54
2.11 Interconnection Between UMTS and WLAN Based
on Mobile IP 55
2.11.1 Pros and Cons of Interconnection Between UMTS
and WLAN Based on Mobile IP 56
2.12 Handover Between IEEE 802.11 and UMTS 57
2.13 Handover Aspects Between IEEE 802.11 WLAN
and UMTS Based on Mobile IP 58
2.14 Conclusions and Future Directions 61
References 61
3 TCP/IP Protocol Stack 63
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 IP 64
3.2.1 Fragmentation 68
3.2.2 Addressing 70
3.3 ICMP 72
3.3.1 ICMP Message Format 73
3.4 ARP 74
3.4.1 ARP Message Format 75
3.4.2 Reverse ARP (RARP) 76
3.5 Routing and Protocols 77
3.5.1 Direct Routing 77
3.5.2 Indirect Routing 77
3.6 Mobility and the IP 79
3.6.1 Mobile IP 80
3.6.2 Micro-Mobility Protocols 81
3.7 Transport Protocols 86
3.7.1 User Datagram Protocol 87
3.7.2 TCP 88
References 96
4 Fundamentals of WLAN 99
4.1 Introduction 99
4.2 The IEEE 802.11 Standard 100
4.2.1 IEEE 802.11 General Architecture 100
4.3 HIPERLAN Type 2 115
4.3.1 Introduction 115
4.3.2 HIPERLAN General Architecture 115
4.3.3 System Architecture 118
4.3.4 System Specification 118
4.3.5 Physical Layer 119
4.3.6 DLC Layer 119
4.3.7 Other DLC Entities 125
4.3.8 Handover Issues 127
4.3.9 CL 129
4.3.10 QoS Support in HIPERLAN-2 130
4.4 MMAC-PC 131
4.5 Deployment of the IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure—
Some Practical Considerations 132
4.5.1 The ISM Band and Channel Allocation 132
4.5.2 Signal, Interference, and Radio Coverage 135
4.5.3 Signal and Interference in the ISM Band 135
4.5.4 Radio Coverage 136
4.5.5 IEEE 802.11 for Outdoor Environment 139
References 141
5 Behavior of the TCP-UDP/IP Protocol Stack over
the IEEE 802.11b 143
5.1 Introduction 143
5.2 UDP Behavior over IEEE 802.11b 144
5.2.1 Ideal Channel 145
5.2.2 Effect of Access Based on RTS/CTS 153
5.2.3 Influence of Errors in UDP 156
5.3 Behavior of TCP over IEEE 802.11 163
5.3.1 Ideal Channel 164
5.3.2 Influence of Errors on TCP 168
5.4 Conclusions 178
References 180
6 WPANs 183
6.1 Introduction 183
6.2 Existing Concepts 185
6.3 Overview of Bluetooth 186
6.3.1 Bluetooth General Architecture 186
6.3.2 Bluetooth Protocol Reference Model 187
6.3.3 Overview on Bluetooth Core Protocols 189
6.4 PAN Paradigm 201
6.5 Architecture Principles 202
6.6 Interfaces 204
6.7 Communication Via External Networks 205
6.8 Ad Hoc Networking 205
6.9 Security 206
6.10 Main Applications and Possible Scenarios 206
6.11 Possible Devices 207
6.12 PAN Challenges and Open Issues 208
6.13 B-PAN 209
6.14 WLANs Versus PANs 211
6.15 Conclusions and Future Works 212
References 212
7 Paving the Way for 4G Systems 215
7.1 Introduction 215
7.2 Introduction to the WAL 216
7.3 The WAL Architecture 216
7.4 WAL Signaling Services 218
7.4.1 Some Definitions 218
7.4.2 Association Establishment 223
7.4.3 Data Interchange 225
7.4.4 Reassociation Procedure 226
7.4.5 PDU List 227
References 229
About the Authors 231
Index 235

emc777

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