First step with embedded systems.pdf

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Introduction 1
1.1 Typographical Conventions....................................................................... 1
1.2 Explaining the Microcontroller .................................................................2
1.3 Book Contents ...........................................................................................3
2. Microcontroller Overview 5
2.1 What is a Microcontroller?.........................................................................5
2.2 The Microcontroller in a System...............................................................7
2.3 Architecture ...............................................................................................7
2.3.1 Von Neumann ......................................................................................................................8
2.3.2 Von Neumann Memory Map.............................................................................................8
2.3.3 Harvard .................................................................................................................................9
2.3.4 Harvard Memory Map.......................................................................................................10
2.3.5 The Central Processing Unit ............................................................................................11
2.3.6 Central Processing Unit.....................................................................................................13
2.3.7 ROM....................................................................................................................................14
2.3.8 RAM....................................................................................................................................15
2.3.9 I/O Ports............................................................................................................................16
2.3.10 Timer.................................................................................................................................17
2.3.11 Interrupt Circuitry............................................................................................................18
2.3.12 Buses .................................................................................................................................19
2.4 Sample Microcontroller Configurations.................................................. 19
2.4.1 Motorola MC68HC705C8 ................................................................................................19
2.4.2 National Semiconductor COP8SAA7 ............................................................................20
2.4.3 Microchip PIC16C54.........................................................................................................20
2.4.4 Microchip PIC16C74.........................................................................................................21
Table of Contents
ii
3. The Embedded Environment 23
3.1 The Embedded Difference ......................................................................23
3.2 Fabrication Techniques ..........................................................................24
3.3 Memory Addressing and Types ..............................................................24
3.3.1 RAM.................................................................................................................................... 24
3.3.2 ROM................................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.3 PROM ................................................................................................................................ 25
3.3.4 EPROM .............................................................................................................................. 25
3.3.5 EEPROM ........................................................................................................................... 26
3.3.6 Flash Memory..................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.7 Registers .............................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.8 Scratch Pad ......................................................................................................................... 28
3.4 Interrupts .................................................................................................29
3.4.1 Interrupt Handling ............................................................................................................ 30
3.4.2 Synchronous and Asynchronous Interrupt Acknowledgement................................. 30
3.4.3 Servicing Interrupts ........................................................................................................... 31
3.4.4 Interrupt Detection ........................................................................................................... 32
3.4.5 Executing Interrupt Handlers.......................................................................................... 33
3.4.6 Multiple Interrupts ............................................................................................................ 34
3.5 Specific Interrupts ...................................................................................34
3.5.1 RESET ............................................................................................................................... 35
3.5.2 Software Interrupt/Trap ..................................................................................................35
3.5.3 IRQ..................................................................................................................................... 36
3.5.4 TIMER............................................................................................................................... 36
3.6 Power .......................................................................................................37
3.6.1 Brownout ............................................................................................................................ 37
3.6.2 Halt/Idle ............................................................................................................................. 37
3.7 Input and Output.....................................................................................37
3.7.1 Ports.................................................................................................................................... 37
3.7.2 Serial Input and Output.................................................................................................... 38
3.8 Analog to Digital Conversion ..................................................................40
3.9 Miscellaneous .......................................................................................... 41
3.9.1 Digital Signal Processor .................................................................................................... 41
3.9.2 Clock Monitor ....................................................................................................................
【文件名】:06920@52RD_First step with embedded systems.pdf
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