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发表于 2009-1-11 10:33:00
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ELECTRONICS
AND
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES
E.M.C. COUPLINGS
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
PRINTED BOARDS
TRANSMISSION MODES AND PATHS
DIFFERENTIAL MODE
Useful signals transmission
COMMON MODE
Disturbance signal transmission
CURRENT PATHS
Low frequency currents high frequency currents
return path return path
POWER SUPPLY AND GROUNDS
COMMON MODE IMPEDANCE
Ucm : Icm Zcm
Decrease Icm and Zcm in sensitive zones
Separate noisy (digital) and sensitive (low level analog) circuits (Icm)
Ground planes without slots (Zcm)
For high frequency or fast digital signals a ground plane is necessary because paths
show a higher Z
No slot in ground plane or supply plane , this would share the plane into two parts
separated by an equivalent impedance
Between boards , connectors show Z , so Z reduction is acheived by several ground
pins spread over the whole connector width , this will also decrease the slot length .
LAY OUT AND DECOUPLING
Avoid large distance between PS line and ground line
PS plane and ground plane is the best solution noise reduction : 2000 from previous case
This is mandatory for fast digital circuits and very low level analog .
Decoupling capacitor provide a close primary supply source for current inrush in ICs.
These capacitors must be as close as possible to the IC .
Their connections must be as short as possible SMD are recommended , direct link with planes
Decoupling capacitors must be also installed on the board edge to decrease the slot at this point
to limit radiation at board edges.
For analog circuits :
There must not be any variation between the supplies V+ and V-
Supply path impedance must be reduced (wide and short)
Lower noisy currents as much as possible in sensitive zones
Star supply :
Each circuit has its own supply line
But :
The conductor length (Z) is not minimum
The noisy and sensitive stage supplies
share a common path
There is a large loop surface (supply and signal paths)
Chain supply :
Short supply links between successive stages ( Z and loop surface)
The noisy stage is first supplied
Decoupling at each stage
This last disposition is prefered for analog
circuitry , the signal level increasing
progressively along the chain .
For digital circuits :
There is no signal progression the equipotentiality must be global .
For double sided boards :
the minimum will be a meshed network up to the board edges .
For multilayer boards :
A ground plane and a supply plane
are recommended (no slots)
Internal planes do not offer
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