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CONTENTS
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
CHAPTER 1 Understanding RF Data Sheet Parameters 1
Introduction 1
D.C. Specifications 1
Maximum Ratings and Thermal Characteristics 5
Power Transistors: Functional Characteristics 9
Low Power Transistors: Functional Characteristics 14
Linear Modules: Functional Characteristics 18
Power Modules: Functional Characteristics 26
Data Sheets of the Future 30
CHAPTER 2 RF Transistor Fundamentals 31
What’s Different About RF Transistors? 31
Transistor Characteristics in Specific Applications 32
Bandwidth Considerations in Selecting Transistors 34
MOSFETs Versus Bipolars in Selecting a Transistor 38
Other Factors in RF Power Transistor Selection 38
CHAPTER 3 FETs and BJTs: Comparison of Parameters
and Circuitry 43
Types of Transistors 43
Comparing the Parameters 44
Circuit Configurations 48
Common Emitter and Common Source 50
Common Base and Common Gate 52
Common Collector and Common Drain 54
CHAPTER 4 Other Factors Affecting Amplifier Design 57
Classes of Operation 57
Forms of Modulation 60
Biasing to Linear Operation 64
Operating Transistors in a Pulse Mode 72
CHAPTER 5 Reliability Considerations 75
Die Temperature and Its Effect on Reliability 75
Other Reliability Considerations 81
CHAPTER 6 Construction Techniques 87
Types of Packages 87
The Emitter/Source Inductance 93
Laying Out a Circuit Board 97
hort
46Reg
Tips for Systematic PC Layout Design 102
Mounting RF Devices 103
RF Modules 109
CHAPTER 7 Power Amplifier Design 113
Single-Ended, Parallel, or Push-Pull 113
Single-Ended RF Amplifier Designs: Lumped Circuit Realization 113
Distributed Circuit Realization 114
Quasi-Lumped Element Realization 116
Parallel Transistor Amplifiers: Bipolar Transistors 117
MOSFETs 119
Push-Pull Amplifiers 120
Impedances and Matching Networks 123
Interstage Impedance Matching 127
A Practical Design Example of a Single Stage 129
Component Considerations 130
Capacitors at Radio Frequencies 132
The First Matching Element: A Shunt C 133
The Input Impedance of a High Power RF Transistor 134
Modeling Capacitors at Low Impedances 135
Inductors 136
Stability Considerations 137
CHAPTER 8 Computer-Aided Design Programs 147
General 147
Inside Motorola’s Impedance Matching Program 151
MIMP Description 154
Smith Charts and MIMP 157
CHAPTER 9 After the Power Amplifier 161
VSWR Protection of Solid State Amplifiers 161
Testing the Circuit 165
Output Filtering 168
Types of Low Pass Filters 170
The Design Procedure 172
The Components 174
CHAPTER 10 Wideband Impedance Matching 179
Introduction to Wideband Circuits 179
Conventional Transformers 182
Twisted Wire Transformers 186
Transmission Line Transformers 190
Equal Delay Transmission Line Transformers 193
viii Contents
Short45
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CHAPTER 11 Power Splitting and Combining 197
Introduction 197
Basic Types of Power Combiners 198
In-Phase and 180° Combiners 199
90° Hybrids 202
Line Hybrids 203
Ring Hybrids 204
Branch Line Couplers 206
Wilkinson Couplers 208
CHAPTER 12 Frequency Compensation and
Negative Feedback 211
Frequency Compensation 211
Negative Feedback 213
CHAPTER 13 Small Signal Amplifier Design 219
Scattering Parameters 219
Noise Parameters 220
Biasing Considerations 221
Power Gain 224
Stability 229
Summary of Gain/Noise Figure Design Procedures 233
Actual Steps in Low Power Amplifier Design 234
Determining Desired Values of Source and Load Impedances 235
Circuit Realization 243
CHAPTER 14 LDMOS RF Power Transistors and
Their Applications 259
by Prasanth Perugupalli, Larry Leighton, Jan Johansson,
and Qiang Chen
Introduction 259
LDMOSFET Versus Vertical MOSFET 260
Device Design 261
LDMOS Characteristics 264
LDMOS Transistors for RF Power Applications 267
Some FET Approximations 267
Applications of LDMOS Transistors in Current Generation
Cellular Technologies 271
RF Power Amplifier Characteristics 273
Practical Example of Designing a W-CDMA Power Amplifier 277
Circuit Techniques for Designing Optimum CDMA Amplifiers 281
Modeling of LDMOS Transistors 283
Comments 290
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