Morgan Kaufmann的牛书之一

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同志们，本人现在是赤贫！故发本要收钱的ASIC/FPGA验证的书！
请各位谅解！

lycdzjs

【文件名】:07102@52RD_Morgan Kaufmann Publishers - ASIC and FPGA Verification[1].pdf.rar
【格　式】:rar
【大　小】:1406K
【简　介】:本书是关于验证的，属于进阶书！
【目　录】:
PART I INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BOARD-LEVEL VERIFICATION 3
1.1 Why Models are Needed 3
1.1.1 Prototyping 3
1.1.2 Simulation 4
1.2 Definition of a Model 5
1.2.1 Levels of Abstraction 6
1.2.2 Model Types 7
1.2.3 Technology-Independent Models 9
1.3 Design Methods and Models 10
1.4 How Models Fit in the FPGA/ASIC Design Flow 10
1.4.1 The Design/Verification Flow 11
1.5 Where to Get Models 13
1.6 Summary 14
CHAPTER 2 TOUR OF A SIMPLE MODEL 15
2.1 Formatting 15
2.2 Standard Interfaces 17
2.3 Model Delays 18
2.4 VITAL Additions 19
2.4.1 VITAL Delay Types 19
2.4.2 VITAL Attributes 20
2.4.3 VITAL Primitive Call 21
2.4.4 VITAL Processes 22
2.4.5 VitalPathDelays 24
2.5 Interconnect Delays 25
2.6 Finishing Touches 27
2.7 Summary 31
PART II RESOURCES AND STANDARDS 33
CHAPTER 3 VHDL PACKAGES FOR COMPONENT MODELS 35
3.1 STD_LOGIC_1164 35
3.1.1 Type Declarations 36
3.1.2 Functions 37
3.2 VITAL_Timing 37
3.2.1 Declarations 37
3.2.2 Procedures 38
3.3 VITAL_Primitives 39
3.3.1 Declarations 40
3.3.2 Functions and Procedures 40
3.4 VITAL_Memory 41
3.4.1 Memory Functionality 41
3.4.2 Memory Timing Specification 42
3.4.2 Memory_Timing Checks 42
3.5 FMF Packages 42
3.5.1 FMF gen_utils and ecl_utils 43
3.5.2 FMF ff_package 44
3.5.3 FMF Conversions 45
3.6 Summary 45
CHAPTER 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO SDF 47
4.1 Overview of an SDF File 47
4.1.1 Header 48
viii Contents
4.1.2 Cell 50
4.1.3 Timing Specifications 50
4.2 SDF Capabilities 52
4.2.1 Circuit Delays 52
4.2.2 Timing Checks 55
4.3 Summary 58
CHAPTER 5 ANATOMY OF A VITAL MODEL 59
5.1 Level 0 Guidelines 59
5.1.1 Backannotation 60
5.1.2 Timing Generics 60
5.1.3 VitalDelayTypes 61
5.2 Level 1 Guidelines 63
5.2.1 Wire Delay Block 63
5.2.2 Negative Constraint Block 65
5.2.3 Processes 65
5.2.4 VITAL Primitives 70
5.2.5 Concurrent Procedure Section 70
5.3 Summary 70
CHAPTER 6 MODELING DELAYS 73
6.1 Delay Types and Glitches 73
6.1.1 Transport and Inertial Delays 73
6.1.2 Glitches 74
6.2 Distributed Delays 75
6.3 Pin-to-Pin Delays 75
6.4 Path Delay Procedures 76
6.5 Using VPDs 82
6.6 Generates and VPDs 83
6.7 Device Delays 83
6.8 Backannotating Path Delays 88
6.9 Interconnect Delays 89
6.10 Summary 90
Contents ix
CHAPTER 7 VITAL TABLES 91
7.1 Advantages of Truth and State Tables 91
7.2 Truth Tables 92
7.2.1 Truth Table Construction 92
7.2.2 VITAL Table Symbols 92
7.2.3 Truth Table Usage 93
7.3 State Tables 97
7.3.1 State Table Symbols 97
7.3.2 State Table Construction 97
7.3.3 State Table Usage 98
7.3.4 State Table Algorithm 99
7.4 Reducing Pessimism 100
7.5 Memory Tables 101
7.5.1 Memory Table Symbols 101
7.5.2 Memory Table Construction 102
7.5.3 Memory Table Usage 103
7.6 Summary 105
CHAPTER 8 TIMING CONSTRAINTS 107
8.1 The Purpose of Timing Constraint Checks 107
8.2 Using Timing Constraint Checks in VITAL Models 108
8.2.1 Setup/Hold Checks 108
8.2.2 Period/Pulsewidth Checks 112
8.2.3 Recovery/Removal Checks 114
8.2.4 Skew Checks 117
8.3 Violations 121
8.4 Summary 122
PART III MODELING BASICS 123
CHAPTER 9 MODELING COMPONENTS WITH REGISTERS 125
9.1 Anatomy of a Flip-Flop 125
9.1.1 The Entity 125
9.1.2 The Architecture 129
x Contents
9.1.3 A VITAL Process 131
9.1.4 Functionality Section 133
9.1.5 Path Delay 134
9.1.6 The “B” Side 135
9.2 Anatomy of a Latch 137
9.2.1 The Entity 138
9.2.2 The Architecture 140
9.3 Summary 146
CHAPTER 10 CONDITIONAL DELAYS AND TIMING CONSTRAINTS 147
10.1 Conditional Delays in VITAL 147
10.2 Conditional Delays in SDF 149
10.3 Conditional Delay Alternatives 150
10.4 Mapping SDF to VITAL 152
10.5 Conditional Timing Checks in VITAL 153
10.6 Summary 156
CHAPTER 11 NEGATIVE TIMING CONSTRAINTS 157
11.1 How Negative Constraints Work 157
11.2 Modeling Negative Constraints 158
11.3 How Simulators Handle Negative Constraints 176
11.4 Ramifications 177
11.5 Summary 178
CHAPTER 12 TIMING FILES AND BACKANNOTATION 179
12.1 Anatomy of a Timing File 179
12.1.1 Header 179
12.1.2 Body 181
12.1.3 FMFTIME 181
12.2 Separate Timing Specifications 182
12.3 Importing Timing Values 183
12.4 Custom Timing Sections 183
Contents xi
12.5 Generating Timing Files 184
12.6 Generating SDF Files 184
12.7 Backannotation and Hierarchy 185
12.8 Summary 187
PART IV ADVANCED MODELING 189
CHAPTER 13 ADDING TIMING TO YOUR RTL CODE 191
13.1 Using VITAL to Simulate Your RTL 191
13.2 The Basic Wrapper 192
13.3 A Wrapper for Verilog RTL 206
13.4 Modeling Delays in Designs with Internal Clocks 206
13.5 Caveats 207
13.6 Summary 208
CHAPTER 14 MODELING MEMORIES 209
14.1 Memory Arrays 209
14.1.1 The Shelor Method 210
14.1.2 The VITAL_Memory Package 210
14.2 Modeling Memory Functionality 211
14.2.1 Using the Behavioral (Shelor) Method 211
14.2.2 Using the VITAL2000 Method 223
14.3 VITAL_Memory Path Delays 231
14.4 VITAL_Memory Timing Constraints 232
14.5 PreLoading Memories 235
14.5.1 Behavioral Memory PreLoad 235
14.5.2 VITAL_Memory PreLoad 237
14.6 Modeling Other Memory Types 238
14.6.1 Synchronous Static RAM 238
14.6.2 DRAM 241
14.6.3 SDRAM 244
14.7 Summary 249
xii Contents
CHAPTER 15 CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMPONENT MODELING 251
15.1 Component Models and Netlisters 251
15.2 File Contents 253
15.3 Generics Passed from the Schematic 253
15.3.1 Timing Generics 253
15.3.2 Control Generics 253
15.4 Integrating Models into a Schematic Capture System 254
15.4.1 Library Structure 254
15.4.2 Technology Independence 255
15.4.3 Directories 255
15.4.4 Map Files 256
15.5 Using Models in the Design Process 256
15.5.1 VHDL Libraries 257
15.5.2 Schematic Entry 257
15.5.3 Netlisting the Design 258
15.5.4 VHDL Compilation 258
15.5.5 SDF Generation 259
15.5.6 Simulation 261
15.5.7 Layout 261
15.5.8 Signal Analysis 262
15.5.9 Timing Backannotation 262
15.5.10 Timing Analysis 262
15.6 Special Considerations 262
15.6.1 Schematic Considerations 262
15.6.2 Model Considerations 263
15.7 Summary 266
CHAPTER 16 MODELING COMPONENT-CENTRIC FEATURES 269
16.1 Differential Inputs 269
16.2 Bus Hold 279
16.3 PLLs and DLLs 282
16.4 Assertions 284
16.5 Modifying Behavior with the TimingModel Generic 285
16.6 State Machines 285
16.7 Mixed Signal Devices 288
16.8 Summary 294
Contents xiii
CHAPTER 17 TESTBENCHES FOR COMPONENT MODELS 295
17.1 About Testbenches 295
17.1.1 Tools 295
17.2 Testbench Styles 296
17.2.1 The Empty Testbench 296
17.2.2 The Linear Testbench 296
17.2.3 The Transactor Testbench 296
17.3 Using Assertions 297
17.4 Using Transactors 298
17.5 Testing Memory Models 301
17.6 Summary 308
xiv Contents

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