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发表于 2005-12-3 14:49:00
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<P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">dBm, dBi, dBd, dB, dBc</FONT>释义</P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>.<FONT face="Times New Roman">dBm</FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>是一个考征功率绝对值的值,计算公式为:<FONT face="Times New Roman">10lgP</FONT>(功率值<FONT face="Times New Roman">/1mw</FONT>)。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">1] </FONT>如果发射功率<FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT>为<FONT face="Times New Roman">1mw</FONT>,折算为<a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>后为<FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT><a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">2] </FONT>对于<FONT face="Times New Roman">40W</FONT>的功率,按<a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>单位进行折算后的值应为:
<FONT face="Times New Roman">10lg</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">40W/1mw)=10lg</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">40000</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman">=10lg4+10lg10+10lg1000=46</FONT><a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>。</P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>、<a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>和<a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>和<a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>是考征增益的值(功率增益),两者都是一个相对值,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>但参考基准不一样。<a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>的参考基准为全方向性天线,<a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>的参考基准为偶极子,所以两者略有不同。一般认为,表示同一个增益,用<a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>表示出来比用<a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>表示出来要大<FONT face="Times New Roman">2. 15</FONT>。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">3] </FONT>对于一面增益为<FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT><a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>的天线,其增益折算成单位为<a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>时,则为<FONT face="Times New Roman">18.15</FONT><a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>(一般忽略小数位,为<FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT><a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>)。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">4] 0</FONT><a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">=2.15</FONT><a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">5] GSM900</FONT>天线增益可以为<FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT><a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT><a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A>),<FONT face="Times New Roman">GSM1800</FONT>天线增益可以为<FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT><a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT><a href="http://dbi.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBi</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>。</P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>、<a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>是一个表征相对值的值,当考虑甲的功率相比于乙功率大或小多少个<a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>时,按下面计算公式:<FONT face="Times New Roman">10lg</FONT>(甲功率<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>乙功率)
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">6] </FONT>甲功率比乙功率大一倍,那么<FONT face="Times New Roman">10lg</FONT>(甲功率<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>乙功率)<FONT face="Times New Roman">=10lg2=3</FONT><a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>。也就是说,甲的功率比乙的功率大<FONT face="Times New Roman">3 </FONT><a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">7] 7/8 </FONT>英寸<FONT face="Times New Roman">GSM900</FONT>馈线的<st1:chmetcnv TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="100" UnitName="米" w:st="on"><FONT face="Times New Roman">100</FONT>米</st1:chmetcnv>传输损耗约为<FONT face="Times New Roman">3.9</FONT><a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">8] </FONT>如果甲的功率为<FONT face="Times New Roman">46</FONT><a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>,乙的功率为<FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT><a href="http://dbm.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBm</FONT></A>,则可以说,甲比乙大<FONT face="Times New Roman">6 </FONT><a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>。
<FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">9] </FONT>如果甲天线为<FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT><a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>,乙天线为<FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT><a href="http://dbd.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBd</FONT></A>,可以说甲比乙小<FONT face="Times New Roman">2 </FONT><a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>。</P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>、<a href="http://dbc.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBc</FONT></A>
有时也会看到<a href="http://dbc.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBc</FONT></A>,它也是一个表示功率相对值的单位,与<a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>的计算方法完全一样。一般来说,<a href="http://dbc.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBc</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>是相对于载波(<FONT face="Times New Roman">Carrier</FONT>)功率而言,在许多情况下,用来度量与载波功率的相对值,如用来度量干扰(同频干扰、互调干扰、交调干扰、带外干扰等)以及耦合、杂散等的相对量值。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>在采用<a href="http://dbc.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dBc</FONT></A>的地方,原则上也可以使用<a href="http://db.di-an.com.cn/news/article.php?articleid=107" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>dB</FONT></A>替代。
经验算法:
有个简便公式:<FONT face="Times New Roman">0dbm=0.001w </FONT>左边加<FONT face="Times New Roman">10=</FONT>右边乘<FONT face="Times New Roman">10
</FONT>所以<FONT face="Times New Roman">0+10DBM=0.001*10W </FONT>即<FONT face="Times New Roman">10DBM=0.01W
</FONT>故得<FONT face="Times New Roman">20DBM=0.1W 30DBM=1W 40DBM=10W
</FONT>还有左边加<FONT face="Times New Roman">3=</FONT>右边乘<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>,如<FONT face="Times New Roman">40+3DBM=10*2W</FONT>,即<FONT face="Times New Roman">43DBM=20W</FONT>,这些是经验公式,蛮好用的。
所以<FONT face="Times New Roman">-50DBM=0DBM-<st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="10" Month="10" Year="2010">10-10-10</st1:chsdate>-10-10=1mw/<st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="10" Month="10" Year="2010">10/10/10</st1:chsdate>/10/10=0.00001mw</FONT>。</P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">射频电平单位<FONT face="Times New Roman">dBW</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">dBm</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">dBmV</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">dB</FONT>μ<FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT>的换算关系<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>[br]<p align=right><font color=red>+3 RD币</font></p> |
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