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发表于 2006-7-9 20:08:00
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【文件名】:0679@52RD_GSM NETWORKS_c.part1.rar
【格 式】:rar
【大 小】:3000K
【简 介】:GSM NET WORK
【目 录】:
1 Introduction 1
1.1 About This Book 1
1.2 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 2
1.2.1 The System Architecture of GSM:
A Network of Cells 3
1.2.2 An Overview on the GSM Subsystems 4
1.3 The Focus of This Book 7
1.4 Signaling 8
1.4.1 What is Signaling? 8
1.4.2 How is Signaling Performed? 8
1.4.3 What is Signaling Used For? 10
1.5 Representation of Messages 10
2 The Mobile Station and the Subscriber Identity
Module 13
2.1 Subscriber Identity Module 13
2.1.1 The SIM as a Database 15
2.1.2 Advantage for the Subscriber 15
2.2 Mobile Station 17
2.2.1 Types of Mobile Stations 17
v
2.2.2 Functionality 17
2.2.3 Mobile Stations as Test Equipment 18
3 The Base Station Subsystem 19
3.1 Base Transceiver Station 19
3.1.1 Architecture and Functionality of a Base Transceiver
Station 20
3.1.2 Base Transceiver Station Configurations 22
3.2 Base Station Controller 25
3.2.1 Architecture and Tasks of the Base Station
Controller 26
3.3 Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit 28
3.3.1 Function of the Transcoding Rate and
Adaptation Unit 28
3.3.2 Site Selection for Transcoding Rate and
Adaptation Unit 28
3.3.3 Relationship Between the Transcoding Rate,
Adaptation Unit, and Base Station Subsystem 29
4 The Network Switching Subsystem 31
4.1 Home Location Register and Authentication
Center 32
4.2 Visitor Location Register 33
4.3 The Mobile-Services Switching Center 34
4.3.1 Gateway MSC 36
4.3.2 The Relationship Between MSC and VLR 36
4.4 Equipment Identity Register 37
5 The OSI Reference Model 39
5.1 Reasons for Standardization 39
5.2 Layering in the OSI Reference Model 40
5.3 Data Types of the OSI Reference Model 41
5.4 Information Processing in the OSI Reference
Model 42
vi GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation
5.5 Advantages of the OSI Reference Model 42
5.6 The Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model 43
5.6.1 Layer 1: The Physical Layer 43
5.6.2 Layer 2: The Data Link Layer 43
5.6.3 Layer 3: The Network Layer 44
5.6.4 Layer 4: The Transport Layer 44
5.6.5 Layer 5: The Session Layer 45
5.6.6 Layer 6: The Presentation Layer 45
5.6.7 Layer 7: The Application Layer 46
5.7 Comprehension Issues 46
5.7.1 An Analogy: The Move to Europe 47
6 The Abis-Interface 51
6.1 Channel Configurations 51
6.2 Alternatives for Connecting the BTS to the BSC 52
6.2.1 BTS Connection in a Serial Configuration 54
6.2.2 Connection of BTSs in Star Configuration 55
6.3 Signaling on the Abis-Interface 55
6.3.1 OSI Protocol Stack on the Abis-Interface 55
6.3.2 Layer 2 56
6.3.3 Layer 3 71
6.4 Bringing an Abis-Interface Into Service 87
6.4.1 Layer 1 87
6.4.2 Layer 2 87
7 The Air-Interface of GSM 89
7.1 The Structure of the Air-Interface in GSM 89
7.1.1 The FDMA/TDMA Scheme 89
7.1.2 Frame Hierarchy and Frame Numbers 90
7.1.3 Synchronization Between Uplink and Downlink 93
7.2 Physical Versus Logical Channels 94
7.3 Logical-Channel Configuration 94
Contents vii
7.3.1 Mapping of Logical Channels Onto Physical
Channels 95
7.3.2 Possible Combinations 97
7.4 Interleaving 100
7.5 Signaling on the Air Interface 101
7.5.1 Layer 2 LAPDm Signaling 101
7.5.2 Layer 3 107
8 Signaling System Number 7 125
8.1 The SS7 Network 125
8.2 Message Transfer Part 126
8.3 Message Types in SS7 127
8.3.1 Fill-In Signal Unit 127
8.3.2 Link Status Signal Unit 128
8.3.3 Message Signal Unit 128
8.4 Addressing and Routing of Messages 130
8.4.1 Example: Determination of DPC, OPC, and SLS
in a Hexadecimal Trace 131
8.4.2 Example: Commissioning of an SS7 Connection 132
8.5 Error Detection and Error Correction 133
8.5.1 Send Sequence Numbers and Receive Sequence
Numbers (FSN, BSN, BIB, FIB) 135
8.5.2 BSN/BIB and FSN/FIB for Message Transfer 135
8.6 SS7 Network Management and Network Test 138
8.6.1 SS7 Network Test 139
8.6.2 Possible Error Cases 140
8.6.3 Format of SS7 Management Messages and Test
Messages 142
8.6.4 Messages in SS7 Network Management and
Network Test 142
9 Signaling Connection Control Part 153
9.1 Tasks of the SCCP 153
viii GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation
9.1.1 Services of the SCCP: Connection-Oriented
Versus Connectionless 154
9.1.2 Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless
Service 154
9.2 The SCCP Message Format 156
9.3 The SCCP Messages 158
9.3.1 Tasks of the SCCP Messages 158
9.3.2 Parameters of SCCP Messages 159
9.3.3 Decoding a SCCP Message 167
9.4 The Principle of a SCCP Connection 167
10 The A-Interface 171
10.1 Dimensioning 171
10.2 Signaling Over the A-Interface 173
10.2.1 The Base Station Subsystem Application Part 173
10.2.2 The Message Structure of the BSSAP. 174
10.2.3 Message Types of the Base Station Subsystem
Management Application Part 176
10.2.4 Decoding of a BSSMAP Message 183
11 Transaction Capabilities and Mobile
Application Part 185
11.1 Transaction Capabilities Application Part 185
11.1.1 Addressing in TCAP 186
11.1.2 The Internal Structure of TCAP 187
11.1.3 Coding of Parameters and Data in TCAP 189
11.1.4 TCAP Messages Used in GSM 198
11.2 Mobile Application Part 208
11.2.1 Communication Between MAP and its Users 209
11.2.2 MAP Services 211
11.2.3 Local Operation Codes of the Mobile
Application Part 214
Contents ix
11.2.4 Communication Between Application, MAP,
and TCAP 220
12 Scenarios 225
12.1 Location Update 227
12.1.1 Location Update in the BSS 227
12.1.2 Location Update in the NSS 227
12.2 Equipment Check 227
12.3 Mobile Originating Call 233
12.3.1 Mobile Originating Call in the BSS 233
12.3.2 Mobile Originating Call in the NSS 233
12.4 Mobile Terminating Call 244
12.4.1 Mobile Terminating Call in the BSS 244
12.4.2 Mobile Terminating Call in the NSS 244
12.5 Handover 251
12.5.1 Measurement Results of BTS and MS 251
12.5.2 Analysis of a MEAS_RES/MEAS_REP 255
12.5.3 Handover Scenarios 256
13 Quality of Service 275
13.1 Tools for Protocol Measurements 275
13.1.1 OMC Versus Protocol Analyzers 276
13.1.2 Protocol Analyzer 278
13.2 Signaling Analysis in GSM 280
13.2.1 Automatic Analysis of Protocol Traces 280
13.2.2 Manual Analysis of Protocol Traces 284
13.3 Tips and Tricks 285
13.3.1 Identification of a Single Connection 285
13.4 Where in the Trace File to Find What Parameter? 287
13.5 Detailed Analysis of Errors on Abis Interface and
A-Interface 287
13.5.1 Most Important Error Messages 291
x GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation
13.5.2 Error Analysis in the BSS 296
Glossary 303
About the Author 405
Index 407
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