GPS Basic

linxiao_zjg · 发表于 2009-2-19 09:59:10

GPS的入门资料，作者是U-blox的工程师，英文版，对了解GPS有帮助。
【文件名】:09219@52RD_GPS-X-02007.pdf
【格　式】:pdf
【大　小】:3403K
【简　介】:GPS Basics-Introduction to the system
Application overview
【目　录】:1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................9
2 GPS made simple........................................................................................................11
2.1 Theprincipleofmeasuringsignaltransittime ..................................................................................11
2.1.1 GeneratingGPSsignaltransittime ...........................................................................................12
2.1.2 Determiningapositiononaplane............................................................................................13
2.1.3 Theeffectandcorrectionoftimeerror .....................................................................................14
2.1.4 Determiningapositionin3-Dspace.........................................................................................15
3 GPS, THE TECHNOLOGY.............................................................................................16
3.1 Descriptionoftheentiresystem......................................................................................................16
3.2 Spacesegment..............................................................................................................................17
3.2.1 Satellitemovement..................................................................................................................17
3.2.2 TheGPSsatellites ....................................................................................................................19
3.2.3 Generatingthesatellitesignal ..................................................................................................20
3.3 Controlsegment ............................................................................................................................23
3.4 Usersegment................................................................................................................................23
4 THE GPS NAVIGATION MESSAGE ..............................................................................25
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................25
4.2 Structureofthenavigationmessage................................................................................................26
4.2.1 Informationcontainedinthesubframes ...................................................................................26
4.2.2 TLMandHOW........................................................................................................................27
4.2.3 Subdivisionofthe25pages .....................................................................................................27
4.2.4 Comparisonbetweenephemerisandalmanacdata...................................................................28
5 Calculating position ...................................................................................................29
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................29
5.2 Calculatingaposition .....................................................................................................................29
5.2.1 Theprincipleofmeasuringsignaltransittime(evaluationofpseudo-range)................................29
5.2.2 Linearisationoftheequation....................................................................................................32
5.2.3 Solvingtheequation................................................................................................................33
5.2.4 Summary...............................................................................................................................34
5.2.5 Errorconsiderationandsatellitesignal......................................................................................35
6 Co-ordinate systems...................................................................................................38
6.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................38
6.2 Geoids..........................................................................................................................................38
6.3 Ellipsoidanddatum........................................................................................................................39
6.3.1 Spheroid ................................................................................................................................39
6.3.2 Customisedlocalreferenceellipsoidsanddatum.......................................................................40
6.3.3 Nationalreferencesystems.......................................................................................................41
6.3.4 WorldwidereferenceellipsoidWGS-84.....................................................................................41
6.3.5 Transformationfromlocaltoworldwidereferenceellipsoid .......................................................42
6.3.6 Convertingco-ordinatesystems ...............................................................................................44
6.4 Planarlandsurveyco-ordinates,projection ......................................................................................45
6.4.1 ProjectionsystemforGermanyandAustria...............................................................................45
GPSBasics u-bloxag
GPS-X-02007 Page7
6.4.2 Swissprojectionsystem(conformaldoubleprojection) ..............................................................46
6.4.3 Worldwideco-ordinateconversion ...........................................................................................47
7 Differential-GPS (DGPS) .............................................................................................48
7.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................48
7.2 DGPSbasedonthemeasurementofsignaltransittime....................................................................48
7.2.1 DetailedDGPSmethodofoperation.........................................................................................49
7.3 DGPSbasedoncarrierphasemeasurement .....................................................................................50
8 DATA FORMATS AND HARDWARE interfaces ..........................................................52
8.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................52
8.2 Datainterfaces..............................................................................................................................52
8.2.1 TheNMEA-0183datainterface................................................................................................52
8.2.2 TheDGPScorrectiondata(RTCMSC-104) ................................................................................63
8.3 Hardwareinterfaces .......................................................................................................................66
8.3.1 Antenna ................................................................................................................................66
8.3.2 Supply ...................................................................................................................................67
8.3.3 Timepulse:1PPSandtimesystems...........................................................................................67
8.3.4 ConvertingtheTTLleveltoRS-232...........................................................................................68
9 GPS RECEIVERS ...........................................................................................................71
9.1 BasicsofGPShandheldreceivers.....................................................................................................71
9.2 GPSreceivermodules .....................................................................................................................73
9.2.1 BasicdesignofaGPSmodule ..................................................................................................73
10 GPS APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................................74
10.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................74
10.2 Descriptionofthevariousapplications .........................................................................................75
10.2.1 Scienceandresearch ...............................................................................................................75
10.2.2 Commerceandindustry...........................................................................................................76
10.2.3 Agricultureandforestry...........................................................................................................77
10.2.4 Communicationstechnology....................................................................................................78
10.2.5 Tourism/sport........................................................................................................................78
10.2.6 Military ..................................................................................................................................78
10.2.7 Timemeasurement..................................................................................................................78
APPENDIX.........................................................................................................................79
A.1 DGPSservices................................................................................................................................79
A.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................79
A.1.2 Swipos-NAV(RDSorGSM) ......................................................................................................79
A.1.3 AMDS....................................................................................................................................79
A.1.4 SAPOS...................................................................................................................................80
A.1.5 ALF........................................................................................................................................80
A.1.6 dGPS .....................................................................................................................................80
A.1.7 RadioBeacons........................................................................................................................81
A.1.8 OmnistarandLandstar ............................................................................................................81
A.1.9 EGNOS ..................................................................................................................................81
A.1.10 WAAS ...................................................................................................................................81
A.2 Proprietarydatainterfaces ..............................................................................................................82
A.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................82
A.2.2 SiRFBinaryprotocol.................................................................................................................82
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A.2.3 Motorola:binaryformat ..........................................................................................................85
A.2.4 Trimbleproprietaryprotocol.....................................................................................................86
A.2.5 NMEAorproprietarydatasets?................................................................................................86
Resources on the World Wide Web ................................................................................88
Generaloverviewsandfurtherlinks ...........................................................................................................88
DifferentialGPS .......................................................................................................................................88
GPSinstitutes ..........................................................................................................................................89
GPSantennae..........................................................................................................................................89
GPSnewsgroupsandspecialistjournals .....................................................................................................89
List of tables .....................................................................................................................90
List of illustrations............................................................................................................91
SOURCES..........................................................................................................................93

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