FUNDAMENTALS OF DISTRIBUTED OBJECT SYSTEMS The CORBA Perspective

yhyang

FOREWORD xv
PREFACE xix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv
ACRONYMS xxvii
PART I BASICS OF CORBA 1
1. Introduction to Distributed Systems 3
1.1 Basics of Distributed Systems 3
1.1.1 Architectures 4
1.1.2 Characteristics 8
1.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 11
1.2 Distributed System Technologies 12
1.2.1 Socket 13
1.2.2 Remote Procedure Call 17
1.2.3 Remote Method Invocation 21
1.2.4 Distributed Computing Environment 23
1.2.5 Distributed Component Object Model 25
1.3 Summary 30
1.4 Review Questions 31
1.5 Exercises 31
2. Introduction to CORBA 32
2.1 Overall Picture 32
2.2 CORBA 1, CORBA 2, and CORBA 3 35
vii
viii CONTENTS
2.3 Object Management Group 36
2.3.1 Reference Object Model 36
2.3.2 Object Management Architecture 43
2.4 Common Object Request Broker Architecture 46
2.4.1 ORB Core 48
2.4.2 Interface Definition Language 49
2.4.3 Interface and Implementation Repositories 52
2.4.4 Object Adaptors 54
2.4.5 CORBA Interoperability 56
2.5 CORBA Binding 57
2.5.1 Binding of Transient IORs 57
2.5.2 Binding Persistent IORs 58
2.6 CORBA and Existing Technologies 60
2.6.1 DCE vs. CORBA 60
2.6.2 DCOM vs. CORBA 61
2.6.3 RMI vs. CORBA 62
2.7 Summary 62
2.8 Review Questions 63
2.9 Exercises 63
3. CORBA Programming 64
3.1 Overall Picture 64
3.2 Basic CORBA Programming 67
3.2.1 Interface Definition Language 67
3.2.2 Static Invocation Interface 85
3.2.3 Static Skeleton Interface 90
3.3 Dynamic Types 102
3.3.1 TypeCode 102
3.3.2 Type Any 103
3.4 Advanced CORBA Programming 106
3.4.1 Dynamic Invocation Interface 106
3.4.2 Dynamic Skeleton Interface 112
3.4.3 Interface and Implementation Repositories 118
3.5 Summary 124
3.6 Review Questions 125
CONTENTS ix
3.7 Exercises 125
PART II ADVANCED CORBA 127
4. Object Adaptors 129
4.1 Overall Picture 129
4.2 Architectures 131
4.2.1 Basic Object Adaptor 132
4.2.2 Portable Object Adaptor 133
4.3 Technical Issues 138
4.3.1 Overview 138
4.3.2 Basic Object Adaptor 141
4.3.3 Portable Object Adaptor 145
4.4 Database Adaptors 151
4.5 Summary 160
4.6 Review Questions 161
4.7 Exercises 161
5. CORBA Interoperability 162
5.1 Overall Picture 162
5.2 Domain 163
5.3 Bridge 164
5.4 Interoperability Protocols 166
5.4.1 Internet Inter-ORB Protocol 177
5.4.2 Environment Specific Inter-ORB Protocol 178
5.5 Interoperable Object Reference 179
5.6 Summary 181
5.7 Review Questions 181
5.8 Exercises 182
6. CORBA Caching 183
6.1 Overall Picture 183
6.2 Caching Issues and Techniques 185
6.3 Cache Replacement 187
x CONTENTS
6.3.1 Caching Consistency Algorithms 189
6.3.2 Other Issues 191
6.4 The Caching Approach 192
6.5 Architecture 193
6.6 Caching Model 196
6.7 Design 199
6.8 Testing 205
6.9 Summary 209
6.10 Review Questions 210
6.11 Exercises 210
PART III CORBA SERVICES 211
7. Naming Service 213
7.1 Background 213
7.1.1 Naming 214
7.1.2 Case Studies 217
7.2 Functions 220
7.2.1 Name Resolution 224
7.2.2 Binding and Unbinding Names 225
7.2.3 Creating and Deleting Naming Contexts 227
7.2.4 Listing the Context of a Naming Context 230
7.3 Summary 230
7.4 Review Questions 231
7.5 Exercises 231
8. Trading Object Service 232
8.1 Overall Picture 232
8.1.1 Basic Concepts 232
8.1.2 OMG vs. ODP 235
8.2 An Illustrative Example with JTrader 236
8.2.1 Definition of a Service Offer 236
8.2.2 Service Export 238
8.2.3 Service Import 242
8.2.4 Result Manipulation 244
CONTENTS xi
8.3 Architecture 246
8.3.1 Trader Components 249
8.3.2 Service Type Repository 259
8.3.3 Dynamic Property Evaluation 262
8.4 Constraints, Policies, and Preferences 263
8.5 Query Propagation 266
8.5.1 CORBA Query Routing 266
8.5.2 Semantic-based Query Routing 268
8.6 TOS Implementations 270
8.6.1 JTrader 270
8.6.2 TAO Trader 271
8.6.3 DOK Trader 272
8.7 Summary 274
8.8 Review Questions 275
8.9 Exercises 275
9. Event Service 277
9.1 Overall Picture 277
9.2 Push and Pull Models 280
9.2.1 DCE Event Management Service (XEMS) [81] 282
9.3 Architecture 284
9.3.1 Canonical Pull Model 286
9.4 Untyped Event Channel 287
9.4.1 Design Aspects 287
9.4.2 Implementation Aspects 290
9.5 Typed Event Channel 298
9.5.1 Design Aspects 298
9.5.2 Implementation Aspects 302
9.6 CORBA Event Service Implementations 307
9.6.1 OrbixTalk 307
9.6.2 TAOs Event Service 308
9.6.3 Electra 309
9.6.4 CyberBus 310
9.6.5 Orbix+ISIS 311
9.7 Discussion on QoS Issues 312
xii CONTENTS
9.8 Summary 314
9.9 Review Questions 314
9.10 Exercises 315
10. Object Transaction Service 316
10.1 Overview 316
10.2 Basics of Transactions 317
10.2.1 Concepts 317
10.2.2 Concurrency Control Protocols 320
10.2.3 Commit Protocols 323
10.3 OTS Concepts 326
10.3.1 Interface Hierarchy 326
10.3.2 Context Propagation 328
10.3.3 Transactional Objects 329
10.3.4 Recoverable Objects 330
10.3.5 Transactional and Recoverable Servers 332
10.4 Transaction Scenario 333
10.5 OTS Implementations 336
10.5.1 Iona Transaction Service 336
10.5.2 Microsoft Transaction Service 338
10.6 Summary 340
10.7 Review Questions 340
10.8 Exercises 341
11. Object Query Service 342
11.1 Overall Picture 342
11.2 Background on Query Processing 345
11.2.1 Overview 345
11.2.2 Execution Strategies 347
11.2.3 Query Architecture 351
11.2.4 Join Operators 352
11.3 OQS Languages 354
11.3.1 Object Query Language 354
11.3.2 OQL Algebra 356
CONTENTS xiii
11.4 OQS Components 358
11.4.1 QueryEvaluator 360
11.4.2 Collections and Iterator 361
11.4.3 QueryableCollection 363
11.4.4 QueryManager and Query Object 363
11.5 DOK Query Service 365
11.5.1 Query Execution Engine 365
11.5.2 Query Optimization 366
11.6 Summary 367
11.7 Review Questions 368
11.8 Exercises 369
REFERENCES 371
INDEX 377
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