4 Radiated RF immunity
4.1 Saving costs by early EMC testing
4.2 Immunity testing for reliability and functional safety
4.3 Introduction to radiated field testing and its main issues
4.3.1 Preventing leakage and ensuring field uniformity
4.3.2 The high (and non-linear) sensitivity of analogue and digital circuits to RF fields
4.3.3 Using modulated RF waveforms
4.3.4 Determining an ‘engineering margin’
4.3.5 Performance criteria and making functional measurements during the tests
4.4 Alternative test methods
4.4.1 Close-field probes
4.4.2 Voltage injection probe
4.4.3 ‘Crosstalk’ injection techniques
4.4.4 Licensed radio transmitters
4.4.5 Conducted test methods
4.4.6 Striplines (TEM devices)
4.4.7 Test cells and compact chambers
4.4.8 Using the IEC 801-3 test method
4.4.9 Mode-stirred chambers
4.5 Correlating alternative test methods with EN 61000-4-3
4.6 On-site testing
4.7 Fully compliant testing
4.7.1 Test equipment
4.7.2 Signal sources
4.7.3 RF power amplifiers
4.7.4 Field strength monitoring
4.7.5 Transducers
4.7.6 Facilities
4.7.7 Room resonances
4.7.8 Field uniformity
4.7.9 Ancillary equipment
4.7.10 Test methods
4.7.11 Preliminary checking
4.7.12 Compliance tests
4.7.13 Sweep rate and step size
4.8 References