超声波测距仪的研究与制作

ameshine

目  录
摘  要…………………………………………………………………………3
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………3
一、研究背景及意义……………………………………………………………4
二、总体原理功能介绍…………………………………………………………5
     2.1技术指标………………………………………………………………5
     2.2原理说明………………………………………………………………5
2.3总体框图………………………………………………………………7
三、系统硬件功能介绍………………………………………………………7
     3.1电源模块………………………………………………………………7
     3.2超声波发射模块………………………………………………………8
     3.3超声波接收模块………………………………………………………9
     3.4单片机电路……………………………………………………………11
3.5按键电路………………………………………………………………14
3.6显示电路………………………………………………………………15
3.7报警电路………………………………………………………………15
四、系统软件部分设计…………………………………………………………16
     4.1程序设计说明……………………………………………………………16
     4.2程序流程图……………………………………………………………17
     4.3程序清单…………………………………………………………………18
五、系统调试与检测……………………………………………………………22
六、产品装配与实物图………………………………………………………23
总  结…………………………………………………………………………24
致  谢…………………………………………………………………………24
参考文献……………………………………………………………………25
附  录  一 超声波测距电路原理图……………………………………………26
附  录  二 超声波测距电路版图………………………………………………27


    超声波测距技术在社会生活中已有广泛的应用如汽车倒车雷达等，目前对超声波高精度测距系统的需求越来越大。为此，本文在了解超声波测距原理的基础上，完成了基于时差测距原理的一种超声波测距系统的硬件设计，其中提出采用单片机内部计数电路可升高计数参考频率，来提高系统的测距精度。
本设计采用基于单片机AT89s52控制的超声波测距原理，采用单片机C语言编写中断的方法测量脉冲宽度，，通过单片机控制555振荡器产生频率提供给超声波发射器，经过由LM358、LM311、CD4049组成的接收电路，产生中断信号，使单片机停止计时，数据处理计数出距离、送到数码管显示结果，本设计具有报警功能，当距离低于设定值时能输出继电器控制信号使指示灯报警。

关键字：超声波、超声波测距、AT89s52



Abstract:
     Ultrasonic ranging technology in social life has been a wide range of applications such as automotive radar, such as reversing the current high-precision ultrasonic ranging system for the growing demand. In this paper, to understand the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement based on the complete range based on the principle of a time difference of ultrasonic ranging system hardware design, including the use of single-chip internal count circuit counts the reference frequency can be increased to improve precision ranging system.
     The design of single-chip microcomputer-based ultrasonic ranging AT89s52 control principle, the use of single-chip C language interrupt pulse width of the methods of measurement, control 555 through the single-chip oscillator frequency to produce ultrasonic transmitter, after the LM358, LM311, CD4049 receiver circuit composed, resulting in disruption of the signal, so that single-chip stop the clock, counting the distance data processing, the result will be displayed to the digital control, the design of alarm function, when the distance below the set value can be output following the electrical control signal so that alarm indicator.  
Keywords: ultrasonic, ultrasonic ranging, AT89s52

【文件名】:10910@52RD_超声波测距仪.doc
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rfsaw

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zwb9986

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sug_23

学习下，多谢分享