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发表于 2006-6-21 09:51:00
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<P>dB的定義:</P>
<P>就物理量(電壓, 聲壓)來說, dB=20*log(p/pref), 其中p代表任何物理量, pref 代表叁考物理量, 如電壓的ref為1V, 聲壓為20uPa. </P>
<P>就能量的定義來看, dB=10*log(E/Eref), 其中E代表任何能量, Eref 代表叁考能量. </P>
<P>之所以會有10與20之間的差異, 在於能量正比於物理量的平方(E=1/2 mv^2).</P>
<P>各種dB的參數:</P>
<P>dBSPL: 以20uPa為參考, 1Pa=94dB, 為表示聲壓值最常用的參數, speaker,receiver零件的sound pressure level以此表示. dBA表示A加權.</P>
<P>dBPa: 以1Pa為參考, 1Pa=0dB, 一般所看見表示聲壓值的另一種方法, microphone的感度最常用此表示, 如-44dBPa/V</P>
<P>其他我懶的打了, 在此轉貼ITU-T的資料.</P>
<P>For absolute power level (see Appendix I, § I. 1. 1)
dBW: absolute power level with respect to 1 watt, expressed in decibels;
dBm: absolute power level with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels;
dBm0 absolute power level with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level;
dBm0p: absolute psophometric power level (weighted for telephony) with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level;
dBm0s: absolute power level with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level in sound programme transmission;
dBm0ps: absolute psophometric power level (weighted for sound-programme transmission) with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level in sound programme transmission.</P>
<P>
For absolute level of an electromagnetic field (see Appendix I, § I.2.1):
dBμ or dBu: absolute level of the electromagnetic field with respect to 1mV/m, expressed in decibels.
For absolute voltage level including the audio-frequency noise level (see Appendix I, §§ I.2.2 and I.2.3):
dBu: absolute voltage level with respect to 0.775 V, expressed in decibels;
dBu0: absolute voltage level with respect to 0.775 V, referred to a point of zero relative level;
dBu0s: absolute voltage level with respect to 0.775 V, referred to a point of zero relative level in soundprogramme transmission;
dBqps: absolute weighted voltage level measured according to Recommendation 468, CCIR Volume X-1, in sound-programme transmission;
dBq0ps: absolute weighted voltage level measured according to Recommendation 468, CCIR Volume X1, referred to a point of zero relative level in sound-programme transmission;
dBq0s: absolute unweighted voltage level measured according to Recommendation 468, CCIR Volume X-1, in sound-programme transmission with respect to 0.775 V referred to a point of zero relative level.</P>
<P>For relative power level (see Appendix I, § I.1.2):
dBr: decibels (relative);</P>
<P>
For relative voltage level in sound-programme transmission (see Appendix I, § I.2.4):
dBrs: relative power level expressed in decibels, referred to another point in sound-programme transmission.</P>
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