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IEEE1364Verilog-2001标准，有兴趣的可以看下。
Contents
1.Overview.............................................................................................................................................1
1.1Objectivesofthisstandard...........................................................................................................1
1.2Conventionsusedinthisstandard................................................................................................1
1.3Syntacticdescription....................................................................................................................2
1.4Contentsofthisstandard..............................................................................................................2
1.5Headerfilelistings.......................................................................................................................4
1.6Examples.....................................................................................................................................5
1.7Prerequisites................................................................................................................................5
2.Lexicalconventions.............................................................................................................................6
2.1Lexicaltokens..............................................................................................................................6
2.2Whitespace.................................................................................................................................6
2.3Comments...................................................................................................................................6
2.4Operators.....................................................................................................................................6
2.5Numbers......................................................................................................................................6
2.6Strings.......................................................................................................................................10
2.7Identifiers,keywords,andsystemnames..................................................................................12
2.8Attributes...................................................................................................................................14
3.Datatypes..........................................................................................................................................20
3.1Valueset....................................................................................................................................20
3.2Netsandvariables......................................................................................................................20
3.3Vectors......................................................................................................................................23
3.4Strengths...................................................................................................................................24
3.5Implicitdeclarations...................................................................................................................25
3.6Netinitialization........................................................................................................................25
3.7Nettypes...................................................................................................................................25
3.8regs............................................................................................................................................31
3.9Integers,reals,times,andrealtimes...........................................................................................31
3.10Arrays........................................................................................................................................33
3.11Parameters.................................................................................................................................34
3.12Namespaces..............................................................................................................................38
4.Expressions.......................................................................................................................................40
4.1Operators...................................................................................................................................40
4.2Operands...................................................................................................................................52
4.3Minimum,typical,andmaximumdelayexpressions................................................................57
4.4Expressionbitlengths................................................................................................................59
4.5Signedexpressions....................................................................................................................62
5.Schedulingsemantics........................................................................................................................64
5.1Executionofamodel.................................................................................................................64
5.2Eventsimulation........................................................................................................................64
5.3Thestratifiedeventqueue..........................................................................................................64
5.4TheVerilogsimulationreferencemodel...................................................................................65
5.5Raceconditions.........................................................................................................................66
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5.6Schedulingimplicationofassignments.....................................................................................66
6.Assignments......................................................................................................................................69
6.1Continuousassignments.............................................................................................................69
6.2Proceduralassignments..............................................................................................................73
7.Gateandswitchlevelmodeling.........................................................................................................75
7.1Gateandswitchdeclarationsyntax............................................................................................75
7.2and,nand,nor,or,xor,andxnorgates.......................................................................................81
7.3bufandnotgates........................................................................................................................82
7.4bufif1,bufif0,notif1,andnotif0gates.......................................................................................83
7.5MOSswitches............................................................................................................................84
7.6Bidirectionalpassswitches........................................................................................................86
7.7CMOSswitches.........................................................................................................................86
7.8pullupandpulldownsources.....................................................................................................87
7.9Logicstrengthmodeling............................................................................................................88
7.10Strengthsandvaluesofcombinedsignals.................................................................................89
7.11Strengthreductionbynonresistivedevices..............................................................................102
7.12Strengthreductionbyresistivedevices....................................................................................102
7.13Strengthsofnettypes...............................................................................................................102
7.14Gateandnetdelays..................................................................................................................103
8.User-definedprimitives(UDPs)......................................................................................................107
8.1UDPdefinition.........................................................................................................................107
8.2CombinationalUDPs...............................................................................................................111
8.3Level-sensitivesequentialUDPs.............................................................................................112
8.4Edge-sensitivesequentialUDPs..............................................................................................112
8.5SequentialUDPinitialization..................................................................................................113
8.6UDPinstances.........................................................................................................................115
8.7Mixinglevel-sensitiveandedge-sensitivedescriptions...........................................................116
8.8Level-sensitivedominance.......................................................................................................117
9.Behavioralmodeling.......................................................................................................................118
9.1Behavioralmodeloverview.....................................................................................................118
9.2Proceduralassignments............................................................................................................119
9.3Proceduralcontinuousassignments.........................................................................................124
9.4Conditionalstatement..............................................................................................................127
9.5Casestatement.........................................................................................................................130
9.6Loopingstatements..................................................................................................................134
9.7Proceduraltimingcontrols.......................................................................................................136
9.8Blockstatements......................................................................................................................145
9.9Structuredprocedures..............................................................................................................148
10.Tasksandfunctions.........................................................................................................................151
10.1Distinctionsbetweentasksandfunctions................................................................................151
10.2Tasksandtaskenabling...........................................................................................................151
10.3Functionsandfunctioncalling.................................................................................................156
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11.Disablingofnamedblocksandtasks...............................................................................................162
12.Hierarchicalstructures.....................................................................................................................165
12.1Modules...................................................................................................................................165
12.2Overridingmoduleparametervalues.......................................................................................179
12.3Ports........................................................................................................................................184
12.4Hierarchicalnames..................................................................................................................192
12.5Upwardsnamereferencing......................................................................................................195
12.6Scoperules..............................................................................................................................197
13.Configuringthecontentsofadesign...............................................................................................199
13.1Introduction.............................................................................................................................199
13.2Libraries..................................................................................................................................200
13.3Configurations.........................................................................................................................202
13.4Usinglibrariesandconfigs......................................................................................................206
13.5Configurationexamples...........................................................................................................207
13.6Displayinglibrarybindinginformation...................................................................................209
13.7Librarymappingexamples......................................................................................................209
14.Specifyblocks.................................................................................................................................211
14.1Specifyblockdeclaration.........................................................................................................211
14.2Modulepathdeclarations.........................................................................................................212
14.3Assigningdelaystomodulepaths............................................................................................222
14.4Mixingmodulepathdelaysanddistributeddelays..................................................................226
14.5Drivingwiredlogic..................................................................................................................227
14.6Detailedcontrolofpulsefilteringbehavior.............................................................................228
15.Timingchecks.................................................................................................................................237
15.1Overview.................................................................................................................................237
15.2Timingchecksusingastabilitywindow..................................................................................240
15.3Timingchecksforclockandcontrolsignals...........................................................................248
15.4Edge-controlspecifiers............................................................................................................258
15.5Notifiers:user-definedresponsestotimingviolations............................................................259
15.6Enablingtimingcheckswithconditionedevents.....................................................................265
15.7Vectorsignalsintimingchecks...............................................................................................266
15.8Negativetimingchecks............................................................................................................267
16.BackannotationusingtheStandardDelayFormat(SDF)................................................................269
16.1TheSDFannotator...................................................................................................................269
16.2MappingofSDFconstructstoVerilog....................................................................................269
16.3Multipleannotations................................................................................................................274
16.4MultipleSDFfiles....................................................................................................................275
16.5Pulselimitannotation..............................................................................................................275
16.6SDFtoVerilogdelayvaluemapping.......................................................................................276
17.Systemtasksandfunctions..............................................................................................................277
17.1Displaysystemtasks................................................................................................................277
17.2Fileinput-outputsystemtasksandfunctions...........................................................................286
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Copyright.2001IEEE.Allrightsreserved.
17.3Timescalesystemtasks............................................................................................................297
17.4Simulationcontrolsystemtasks...............................................................................................301
17.5PLAmodelingsystemtasks.....................................................................................................302
17.6Stochasticanalysistasks..........................................................................................................306
17.7Simulationtimesystemfunctions............................................................................................308
17.8Conversionfunctions...............................................................................................................310
17.9Probabilisticdistributionfunctions..........................................................................................311
17.10Commandlineinput...............................................................................................................320
18.Valuechangedump(VCD)files......................................................................................................324
18.1Creatingthefourstatevaluechangedumpfile.......................................................................324
18.2FormatofthefourstateVCDfile............................................................................................329
18.3Creatingtheextendedvaluechangedumpfile........................................................................339
18.4FormatoftheextendedVCDfile.............................................................................................343
19.Compilerdirectives.........................................................................................................................350
19.1`celldefineand`endcelldefine..................................................................................................350
19.2`default_nettype.......................................................................................................................350
19.3`defineand`undef....................................................................................................................351
19.4`ifdef,`else,`elsif,`endif,`ifndef............................................................................................353
19.5`include...................................................................................................................................357
19.6`resetall....................................................................................................................................357
19.7`line.........................................................................................................................................358
19.8`timescale................................................................................................................................358
19.9`unconnected_driveand`nounconnected_drive......................................................................360
20.PLIoverview...................................................................................................................................361
20.1PLIpurposeandhistory(informative).....................................................................................361
20.2User-definedsystemtaskorfunctionnames...........................................................................361
20.3User-definedsystemtaskorfunctiontypes.............................................................................362
20.4Overridingbuilt-insystemtaskandfunctionnames...............................................................362
20.5User-suppliedPLIapplications................................................................................................362
20.6PLIinterfacemechanism.........................................................................................................362
20.7User-definedsystemtaskandfunctionarguments..................................................................363
20.8PLIincludefiles.......................................................................................................................363
20.9PLIMemoryRestrictions.........................................................................................................363
21.PLITFandACCinterfacemechanism............................................................................................364
21.1User-suppliedPLIapplications................................................................................................364
21.2AssociatingPLIapplicationstoaclassandsystemtask/functionname.................................365
21.3PLIapplicationarguments.......................................................................................................366
22.UsingACCroutines........................................................................................................................368
22.1ACCroutinedefinition............................................................................................................368
22.2Thehandledatatype................................................................................................................368
22.3UsingACCroutines.................................................................................................................369
22.4ListofACCroutinesbymajorcategory..................................................................................369
22.5Accessibleobjects....................................................................................................................375
22.6ACCroutinetypesandfulltypes..............................................................................................383
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22.7Errorhandling..........................................................................................................................386
22.8Readingandwritingdelayvalues............................................................................................388
22.9Stringhandling........................................................................................................................394
22.10UsingVCLACCroutines......................................................................................................396
23.ACCroutinedefinitions...................................................................................................................403
24.UsingTFroutines............................................................................................................................564
24.1TFroutinedefinition................................................................................................................564
24.2TFroutinesystemtask/functionarguments.............................................................................564
24.3Readingandwritingsystemtask/functionargumentvalues....................................................564
24.4Valuechangedetection............................................................................................................566
24.5Simulationtime........................................................................................................................566
24.6Simulationsynchronization.....................................................................................................566
24.7Instancesofuser-definedtasksorfunctions............................................................................567
24.8Moduleandscopeinstancenames...........................................................................................567
24.9SavinginformationfromonesystemTFcalltothenext.........................................................567
24.10Displayingoutputmessages...................................................................................................567
24.11Stoppingandfinishing...........................................................................................................567
25.TFroutinedefinitions......................................................................................................................568
26.UsingVPIroutines..........................................................................................................................623
26.1VPIsystemtasksandfunctions...............................................................................................623
26.2TheVPIinterface.....................................................................................................................623
26.3VPIobjectclassifications.........................................................................................................625
26.4ListofVPIroutinesbyfunctionalcategory.............................................................................628
26.5Keytodatamodeldiagrams....................................................................................................630
27.VPIroutinedefinitions....................................................................................................................664
AnnexA(normative)Formalsyntaxdefinition...........................................................................................711
AnnexB(normative)Listofkeywords.......................................................................................................736
AnnexC(informative)Systemtasksandfunctions....................................................................................738
AnnexD(informative)Compilerdirectives................................................................................................745
AnnexE(normative)acc_user.h..................................................................................................................747
AnnexF(normative)veriuser.h...................................................................................................................756
AnnexG(normative)vpi_user.h.................................................................................................................764
AnnexH(informative)Bibliography...........................................................................................................778
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