AD公司书籍：仪表放大器应用工程师指南（中文）

bxcwy

内容实际上远超出仪表放大器的范畴，对整个硬件电路的设计都有所指导
仪表放大器应用工程师指南
A DESIGNER’S GUIDE TO INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS
第 2 版
目录
第I章——仪表放大器的基本原理 ...........................................................1-1
前言 ..............................................................................................1-1
仪表放大器与运算放大器的区别是什么？....................................................1-1
信号放大与CMR ..............................................................................1-1
运算放大器与仪表放大器的CMR比较 ...................................................1-3
差分放大器 .................................................................................1-5
在何处使用仪表放大器和差分放大器？...........................................1-5
数据采集 .............................................................................1-5
医用仪器 ........................................................................................1-6
监测和控制电子设备 ................................................1-6
软件编程方面的应用 ..............................................................1-6
音频方面的应用 ................................................................1-6
高速信号调理 ...............................................................................1-6
视频方面的应用 ...................................................................................1-6
功率控制方面的应用 ..........................................................................1-6
仪表放大器的外部特性 ............................................................................1-6
表征高品质仪表放大器的其它特性是什么？.....................................................1-7
高AC（和DC）CMR .................................................................................1-7
低失调电压和低失调电压漂移 ...............................................................1-7
匹配的高输入阻抗 ...............................................................................1-8
低输入偏置电流和低失调电流误差 ...............................................................1-8
低噪声 ...........................................................................................1-8
低非线性.......................................................................................1-8
增益选择方便 .............................................................................1-8
充裕的带宽....................................................................................1-8
差分输入到单端输出的转换 .............................................................1-9
R-R输入和输出 ...................................................................................1-9
电源与带宽、转换速率和噪声之间的关系 ................................................1-9
第Ⅱ章——仪表放大器的内部原理 ................................................2-1
单运放减法器提供的仪表放大器功能 ...............................................2-1
用输入缓冲器改进简单减法器 ..............................................2-1
三运放仪表放大器 ......................................................................2-2
三运放仪表放大器设计考虑 .................................................................2-3
基本的双运放仪表放大器 .................................................................2-4
双运放仪表放大器——单电源共模电压制设计考虑 ...................................2-5
自稳零仪表放大器 ............................................................................2-6
第Ⅲ章——单片仪表放大器 .................................................................3-1
优于用运放构成的仪表放大器 ..........................................................3-1
采用仪表放大器还是差分放大器？ ..............................................3-1
单片仪表放大器设计——内部原理 .....................................................3-2
高性能仪表放大器 ............................................................................3-2
固定增益仪表放大器 .........................................................................3-7
低成本仪表放大器 ............................................................................3-8
单电源仪表放大器 .............................................................3-8
低功耗、单电源仪表放大器 .................................................................3-11
第Ⅳ章——单片差分放大器 ..........................................................4-1
差分（减法器）放大器 ................................................................4-1
高频差分（接收器）放大器 ...........................................................4-6
第Ⅴ章——仪表放大器的应用技巧 ...................................................5-1
双电源工作 ........................................................................5-1
单电源工作 ......................................................................................5-1
电源旁路、解耦和稳定性问题 ...........................................................5-1
输入接地返回的重要性 ..............................................................5-1
AC 输入耦合 ..........................................................................5-2
阻容元件匹配 ............................................................................5-2
电缆终端 ..............................................................5-3
仪表放大器的输入保护基本原理 .....................................................5-3
防ESD和DC过载的输入保护 ..............................................................5-3
用外接二极管对输入保护 ...............................................................5-5
防ESD和瞬态过载的输入保护 ................................................................5-5
影响DC精度的设计问题 ........................................................................5-6
对最低限失调电压漂移的设计 .............................................................5-6
对最低限增益漂移的设计 ..................................................................5-6
实际解决方案 .................................................................................5-7
方案1：采用优质的增益电阻器 .........................................................5-7
方案2：采用固定增益的仪表放大器 ...................................................5-7
RTI和RTO误差 ................................................................................5-7
失调误差 .........................................................................................5-8
噪声误差 ..........................................................................................5-8
降低仪表放大器电路中的RFI整流误差 .....................................................5-8
设计实用的RFI滤波器 .....................................................................5-8
用食谱式方法选择RFI ....................................................................5-10
具体的设计案例 ................................................................................5-10
用于AD620系列仪表放大器的RFI抑制电路 ........................................................5-10
用于微功耗仪表放大器的 RFI 抑制电路 .............................................................5-11
用于AD623仪表放大器的RFI抑制电路 .......................................................................................................5-12
用于AD8225仪表放大器的RFI抑制电路 .....................................................................................................5-12
采用X2Y电容器的共模滤波器 .....................................................................................................................5-13
用于仪表放大器RFI滤波器的共模 RF扼流圈 ............................................................................................5-14
RFI测试 ....................................................................................................................................................5-15
采用低通滤波器提高信噪比 .............................................................................................................................5-15
外部调整CMR和建立时间 ...............................................................................................................................5-17
第Ⅵ章——仪表放大器与差分放大器的应用电路 ...........................................................................................6-1
复合仪表放大器电路具有优良的高频CMR .......................................................................................................6-1
采用AC激励的应变计测量 ................................................................................................................................6-2
AD628精密增益IC的应用 ...........................................................................................................................6-3
为什么使用一种增益IC ？................................................................................6-3
具有单极点LP滤波器的标准差分输入ADC缓冲器 .................................................6-4
改变输出比例系数 ................................................................................6-4
用一只外部电阻器设置AD628的0.1以下增益 ...................................................6-4
具有双极点LP滤波的差分输入电路 .................................................................6-5
用AD628构成精密增益IC ...........................................................................................6-6
用AD628接成＋10或者－10精密增益                                      6-6
用AD628接成＋11精密增益 ......................................................................6-7
用AD628接成＋1精密增益.......................................................................................6-8
用前馈增加带宽提供－9.91增益 .................................................................................6-8
电流变送器抑制接地噪声 ...............................................................................6-9
高幅度模拟输入ADC接口 ..............................................................................6-10
高速同相求和放大器 ........................................................6-11
高电压监测电路 .........................................................................6-13
单电源高CMR电路 ............................................................................6-13
48V总线精密监测电路 ......................................................6-15
采用低端开关的高端电流检测 .....................................................................6-16
采用高端开关的高端电流检测 ..............................................................................6-17
电桥应用 ..........................................................................................6-17
标准电桥电路 ..................................................................................6-17
单电源数据采集系统 ....................................................................................................................................6-18
低压降双极性电桥驱动器 .............................................................................................................................6-18
传感器接口的应用 ...............................................................................6-19
医用心电图仪的应用 ..............................................................6-19
远程负载检测技术 ........................................................................6-21
精密电压电流转换器 ......................................................................6-22
电流传感器接口 .......................................................................................................6-22
输出缓冲低功耗仪表放大器 ..........................................................................................................................6-23
4 mA～20 mA单电源接收器 ............................................................................................................................6-23
单电源热电偶放大器 ..................................................................6-24
专业音频产品 ........................................................6-24
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